2 Peter 2 and Jude Compared

2 PeterJude
1:2 Grace to you and peace be multiplied2 Mercy to you and peace and love be multiplied.
1:10 if you do these things, you will never stumble24 To him who is able to keep you from stumbling
1:12 I will always remind you of these things though you know . . .5 I want to remind you, though you know everything
2:1 false teachers, who will privily bring in destructive heresies,

denying the Master that bought them
4a There are certain men who crept in privily

4d denying our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ
2:2 and many will follow their lascivious doings4c ungodly men, turning the grace of God into lasciviousness
2:3 In covetousness they will with feigned words make merchandise of you

whose sentence from of old does not linger.
16 showing respect of persons for advantage

4b who of old have been written to this sentence
2:4 If God did not spare angels when they sinned but cast them down to Tartarus and committed them to pits of darkness to be reserved for judgment (note 2:9; 3:7)6 And angels that did not keep their own habitation he has kept in everlasting bonds under darkness for the judgment of the great day.
2:6 and turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah into ashes . . . having made them an example . . .7 Even as Sodom and Gomorrah . . . are set forth as an example
2:9 The Lord knows how . . . to keep the unrighteous under punishment for the day of judgment
2:10 those who walk after the flesh in the lust of defilement

despise dominion

rail at dignitaries (glories)
8 these . . . defile the flesh

set at naught dominion

rail at dignitaries (glories)
2:11 angels . . . do not bring railing judgment against them before the Lord9 Michael the archangel . . . did not dare bring railing judgment against [the devil]
2:12 but these are creatures without reason
born natural animals
to be taken and destroyed
railing in matters of which they are ignorant

will in their destroying . . . be destroyed
10 these rail at whatever they do not know
and what they understand naturally
like creatures without reason


in these things they are destroyed
2:13 while they feast with you12 These are hidden rocks in your love-feasts when they feast with you
2:15 forsaking the right way, they went astray

having followed the way of Balaam the son of Beor

who loved the hire of wrongdoing
11 . . . they went in the way of Cain

and ran riotously in the error of Balaam

for hire.
2:17 These are springs without water

mists driven by a storm

for whom the blackness of darkness has been reserved.
. . . clouds without water

carried along by winds . . .

for whom the blackness of darkness has been reserved forever.
2:18 uttering great swelling (words) of vanity, they entice in the lusts of the flesh16 walking after their lusts and their mouth speaks great swelling (words)
3:1 This is now, beloved, the second epistle that I am writing to you, and in both of them I am stirring up your sincere minds by putting you in remembrance17 But you, beloved,
3:2 that you should remember the words spoken before by the holy prophets and the commandment of the Lord and Savior through your apostles,remember the words that have been spoken before by the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ
3:3 knowing this first that in the last days mockers will come with mockery walking after their own lusts18 that they said to you, "In the last time there will be mockers walking after their own ungodly lusts"

Read Essay →

2 PETER AND JUDE IN PARALLEL (Greek)

2 Peter (Greek)Jude (Greek)
1:10 Ταῦτα γὰρ ποιοῦντες οὐ μὴ πταίσητέ ποτε.24.Τῷ δὲ δυναμένῳ φυλάξαι ὑμᾶς ἀπταίστους . . .
1:12 Διὸ μελλήσω ἀεὶ ὑμᾶς ὑπομιμνῄ-σκειν περὶ τούτων, καίπερ εἰδότας5.Ὑπομνῆσαι δὲ ὑμᾶς βούλομαι, εἰδότας ὑμᾶς πάντα, . . .
2:1 . . . ἐν ὑμῖν ἔσονται ψευδοδιδάσκα-λοι, οἵτινες παρεισάξουσιν αἰρέσεις ἀπωλείας,
καὶ τὸν ἀγοράσαντο αὐτοὺς δεσπό-την ἀρνούμενοι, . . .
4a.παρεισέδυσαν γάρ τινες ἄνθρωποι,

4d.καὶ τὸν μόνον δεσπότην καὶ κύριον ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἀρνούμενοι.
2:2 καὶ πολλοὶ ἐξακολουθήσουσιν αὐ-τῶν ταῖς ἀσελγείαις, . . .4c.ἀσεβεῖς, τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν χάριτα μετατιθέντες εἰς ἀσέλγειαν.
2:3 καὶ ἐν πλεονεξίᾳ πλαστοῖς λόγοις ὑμᾶς ἐμπορεύσονται,
οἷς τὸ κρίμα ἔκπαλαι οὐκ ἀργεῖ, . . .
16. . . . θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα ὠφελείας χάριν.

4b.οἱ πάλαι προγεγραμμένοι εἰς τοῦτο τὸ κρίμα.
2:4 Εἰ γὰρ ὁ θεός ἀγγέλων ἁμαρτησάν-των οὐκ ἐφείσατο, ἀλλὰ σειραῖς ζόφου ταρταρώσας παρέδωκεν εἰς κρίσιν τηρουμένους, (cp. 2:9; 3:7)6.ἀγγέλους τε τοὺς μὴ τηρήσαντας τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀρχὴν ἀλλὰ ἀπολιπόντας τὸ ἴδιον οἰκητήριον εἰς κρίσιν μεγάλης ἡμέρας δεσμοῖς ἀΐδιοις ὑπὸ ζόφον τετήρηκεν,
2:6 καὶ πόλεις Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρας τεφρώσας [καταστροφῇ] κατέκρινεν ὑπόδειγμα μελλόντων ἀσεβέσιν τεθεικώς7.ὡς Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα . . .
πρόκεινται δεῖγμα πυρὸς αἰωνίου δικὴν ὑπέχουσαι.
2:9 οἶδεν κύριος . . . ἀδίκους δὲ εἰς ἡμέραν κρίσεως κολαζομένους τηρεῖν,
2:10 μάλιστα δὲ τοὺς ὀπίσω σαρκὸς ἐν πιθυμίᾳ μιασμοῦ πορευομένους
κυριότητα δὲ ἀθετοῦσιν
δόξας δὲ βλασφημοῦσιν.
8. . . . οὗτοι ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι σάρκα μὲν μιαίνουσιν,
καὶ κυριότητος καταφρονοῦντας.
Τολμηταὶ αὐθάδεις, δόξας οὐ τρέμου σιν βλασφημοῦντες,
2:11 ὅπου ἄγγελοι . . . οὐ φέροθσιν κατ' αὐτῶν παρὰ κυρίου βλάσφημον κρί-σιν.9.ὁ δὲ Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος, . . . οὐκ ἐτόλμησεν κρίσιν ἐπενεγκεῖν βλασ-φημίας.
2:12 οὗτοι δέ, ὡς ἄλογα ζῷα
γεγεννημένα φυσικὰ
εἰς ἅλωσιν καὶ φθορὰν
ἐν οἷς ἀγνοοῦσιν βλασφημοῦντες,
ἐν τῇ φθορὰ αὐτῶν καὶ φθαρήσονται,
10.οὗτοι δὲ ὅσα μὲν οὐκ οἴδασιν βλασφημοῦσιν,
ὅσα δὲ φυσικῶς
ὡς τὰ ἄλογα ζῷα ἐπίστανται,
ἐν τούτοις φθείρονται.
(12)
2:13 . . . συνευωχούμενοι ὑμῖν,12.οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ ἐν ταῖς ἀγάπαις ὑμῶν σπιλάδες συνευωχούμενοι ἀφόβως, ἑαυτοὺς ποιμαίνοντες,
2:15 καταλειπόντες εὐδεῖαν ὁδὸν
ἐπλανήθησαν,
ἐξακολουθήσαντες τῇ ὁδῷ τοῦ Βαλαᾶμ του Βοσόρ,
ὅς μισθὸν ἀδικίας ἡγάπησεν
11.οὐαὶ αὐτοῖς, ὅτι τῇ ὁδῷ τοῦ Κάϊν
ἐπορεύθησαν,
καὶ τῇ πλάν τοῦ Βαλαὰμ
μισθοῦ ἐξεχύθησαν,
καὶ τῇ ἀντιλογίᾳ τοῦ Κόρε ἀπώλοντο.
2:17 Oὗτοί δἰσιν πηγαὶ ἄνυδροι,
καὶ ὁμίχλαι ὑπὸ λαίλαπος ἐλαυνό-μεναι,
οἷς ὀ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους τετήρηται.
νεφέλαι ἄνυδροι
ὑπὸ ἀνέμων παραφερόμεναι,
δένδρα φθινοπωρινὰ ἄκαρπα δὶς ἀποθανόντα ἐκριζωθέντα,
13.κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης ἐπαφορίζον-τα τὰς ἑαυτῶν αἰσχύνας, ἀστέρες πλανῆται
οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα τετήρηται.
2:18 πέρογκα γὰρ ματαιότητος φθεγ-γόμενοι δελεάζουσιν ἐν ἐπιθυμίαις σαρκὸς . . .16.Οὗτοί εἰσιν γογγυσταὶ μεμψίμοιροι, κατὰ τὰς ἐπιθυμίας ἑαυτῶν πορευό-μενοι, καὶ τὸ στόμα αὐτῶν λαλεῖ ὑπέρογκα, . . .
3:1 Ταύτην ἤδη, ἀγαπητοί, δεύτεραν ὑμῖν γράφω ἐπιστολήν, ἐν αἷς διεγείρω ὑμῶν ἐν ὑπομνήσει τὴν εἰλικρινῆ διάνοιαν,17.Ὑμεῖς δέ, ἀγαπητοί,
3:2 μνησθῆναι τῶν προειρημένων ῥημά-των ὑπὸ τῶν ἁγίων προφητῶν καὶ τῆς τῶν ἀποστόλων ὑμῶν ἐντολῆς τοῦ κυρίου καὶ σωτῆρος.μνήσθητε τῶν ῤημάτων τῶν προειρη-μένων ὑπὸ
τῶν ἀποστόλων τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ. Χριστοῦ.
3:3 τοῦτο πρῶτον γινώσκοντες, ὅτι ἐλεύσονται ἐπ' ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐν ἐμπαιγμονῇ ἐμπαῖκται κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῶν πορευόμενοι18.ὅτι ἔλεγον ὑμῖν ὅτι Ἐπ' ἐσχάτου τοῦ χρόνου ἔσονται ἐμπαῖκται κατὰ τὰς ἑαυτῶν ἐπιθυμίας πορευόμενοι τῶν ἀσεβειῶν.

Read Essay →

CHRIST’S RESURRECTION APPEARANCES

Matthew [Mark] Luke John

Appearance to Mary Magdalene [16:9-11] 20:11-18

Appearance to the Other Women 28:9-10

Appearance to Two Disciples [16:12-13] 24:13-32

Appearance to Peter (1 Cor. 15:5)

Appearance to Ten Apostles [16:14] 24:36-43 20:19-25

Appearance to Eleven Apostles 20:26-31

Appearance to Seven in Galilee 21:1-23

Appearance to Five Hundred

1 Cor. 15:6

Appearance in Jerusalem [16:15-18]

Appearance to James (1 Cor. 15:7)

Appearance to the Apostles with further Instructions (Acts 1:3-12) [16:19-20] 24:44-53

Read Essay →

COMPOSITE ACCOUNT OF CORNELIUS’ CONVERSION

Acts 10:1-24 (Caesarea/Joppa); 10:25-48 (Caesarea); 11:1-18 (Jerusalem)

(wording found in more than one segment)

[generalization] [italics viewpoint adjustment]

(presented as from Peter’s defense in Jerusalem)

11:1The apostles and brothers in Judaea heard that Gentiles had received God’s message. 2When Peter went up to Jerusalem, members of the Circumcision took issue with him, 3“You went in and ate with uncircumcised men.”

Peter explained step by step. 10:1“A centurion in Caesarea named Cornelius, from the Italian cohort, 2is a devout God-fearer along with his whole house. 30He gave considerable charitable gifts to the people and prayed to God constantly. He was keeping three p.m. prayer in his house. 3In a vision he saw clearly an angel of God coming and standing in front of him, ‘Cornelius.’

Read Essay →

COMPOSITE ACCOUNT OF PAUL’S CONVERSION

(as if told to Agrippa)

(Acts 9:1b-22; 22:4-16; 26:10-20;

common material; 3rd to 1st person)

“I persecuted The Way to death, binding and imprisoning men and women as the high priest and presbytery can confirm. That’s what I did in Jerusalem. Not only did I lock up many saints in prison with the authority of the chief priests; but when they were being put to death, I voted against them. When I punished them often in every synagogue, I tried to make them blaspheme. I was insanely furious and started persecuting them even to foreign cities.

Read Essay →

FOREIGN TERMS IN THE NEW TESTAMENT

Abaddon (Ἀβαδδών): “Destroyer” (Revelation 9:11**)

Abba (Αββα): “father” (Mark 14:36; Romans 8:15; Galatians 4:6**)

Akeldama (Ἀκελδαμάχ): “Field of Blood” (Acts 1:19**)

anathema (ἀνάθεμα): Galatians 1:9; 1 Corinthians 16:2

Armageddon (Ἁρμαγεδών): “The Hill of Megiddo” (Revelation 16:16**)

Bar-Jesus (Βαριησούς): Acts 13:6

(Simon) Bar-Jonah/Bar-Jonah (Βαιωνά/Βαριωνᾶς): “(Simon), son-of John” (Matthew

16:17)

Barnabas (Βαρναβᾶς): “Son of Consolation” (Acts 4:36 “which is interpreted [ὅ

ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον])

Barsabbas (Βαρσαββᾶς): Joseph Barsabbas (Acts 1:23); Judas Barsabbas (Acts 15:22)

Read Essay →

FORMATS FOR SCRIPTURE REFERENCES

  1. basic format for chapter and verse: John 11:35 (in computer John 11:35)

not: John 1135

not: John 11,35

not: John 11;35

not: John 11.35

not: John 11: 35

not preferable: John XI.32 or John XI,32

NOTE: In general, Roman numerals are falling out of usage.

NOTE: This author has adopted the practice of bold facing chapter designations. The practice is particularly helpful in long listing of references.

format for a chapter-verse series of two in a sentence: John 11:35; 1 Thessalonians 5:16

Read Essay →

New Testament Quotations from the Old Testament

LXX: wording following the Septuagint Greek translation of the Hebrew Old Testament

Matthew 1:23 < Isaiah 7:14

2:6 < Micah 5:2

2:15 < Hosea 11:1

2:18 < Jeremiah 31:15

3:3 < Isaiah 40:3

4:4 < Deuteronomy 8:3

4:6 < Psalm 91:11-12

4:7 < Deuteronomy 6:16

4:10 < Deuteronomy 6:13

4:15-16 < Isaiah 9:1-2

5:21 < Exodus 20:13; Deuteronomy 5:17

5:27 < Exodus 20:14; Deuteronomy 5:18

5:31 < Deuteronomy 24:1

5:33 < Leviticus 19:12; Numbers 30:2-3; Deuteronomy 23:21

Read Essay →

OLD TESTAMENT QUOTATIONS IN THE NEW TESTAMENT

Genesis 1:3 < 2 Corinthians 4:6

“Light will shine out of darkness.” [Gen 1:3; Is. 9:2]

Genesis 1:27 < Matthew 19:4

“Made them male and female. [Gen 1:27; 5:2]

Genesis 2:2 < Hebrews 4:4

“On the seventh day God rested from his work.” [Gen 2:2]

Genesis 2:7 < 1 Corinthians 15:45

“The first man Adam became a living soul.” [Gen 2:7]

Genesis 2:24 < Matthew 19:5

“A man is to leave father and mother, and be joined to his wife, and the two will become a physical unit.” [Gen 2:24]

Read Essay →

QUESTIONED TEXTS IN THE NEW TESTAMENT

Below is a list of forty-one noticeable places in the New Testament where the text is uncertain. About 80% of the variants occur in historical segments, which is a little less than 60% of the New Testament. Brackets mark the questioned portions. Double parentheses mark the more important and more doubtful of these readings. Quotations are from The Conversational Version.

Matthew 6:13b [because the kingdom, power, and glory

belong to you forever. Amen]

Read Essay →