VERBS

VERBS

Compounds, types of (not including morpheme-root combinations)

            non-prepositional compounds

                    root + ______

                    root + ______ + ______

            prepositional compounds

                    preposition + ______

                    preposition + ______

                    preposition + preposition + _______

                    preposition + preposition + _______ + _______

Contract verbs

            α-contract

            ε-contract

            ο-contract

Enclitics

Governance

            genitive  [`a{ptomai]

            dative  [ajkolouqevw]

            accusative

            accusatives, capable of governing two, that are object + objective complement [= verbs able to be followed by a nominative in passive transforms] [euJrivskw, tivqhmi,                    kalevw, ojnomavzw, levgw]

            accusatives, capable of governing two, that are not object + objective complement [= verbs able to be followed by a nominative in passive transforms] [aijtevw, ejrwtavw,                      didavskw, ajnamimnhvskw]

            genitive or accusative  [ajkouvw, ajnevcomai, a[rcomai, geuvomai, ejpiqumevw, kratevw, mnhmoneuvw]

            genitive and accusative objects at the same time [kathgorevw, pivmplhmi, plhrovw]

            dative or accusative  [;diakonevw, latreuvw, proskunevw, cravomai]

Inflection considerations

            augment

                    syllabic augment

                    temporal augment:  imperfect, aorist,  pluperfect [may differ from tense to tense]

                           eei

                           eh/

                           euhu

                           eueu

                    temporal plus syllabic augment  [mevllwh[mellon; ajnoivgwajnevw/xa]

                    irregular augment  [qevlw  h[qelon, because earlier the present began with

                           ej-]

                    augment of prefixed preposition  [very rare]

                    double augment

            reduplication

                    vowel-initial perfects with syllabic reduplication  [ajkouvwajkhvkoa]

                    fricative-initial perfects with corresponding voiceless stop + e (regular)

                    double reduplication on vowel-initial words  [oJravweJwvraka]

            w-verbs

            mi-verbs

Impersonal  [dei', crh'/]

Principle parts

            defective  vs.

            deponent verbs (lacking a voice form in the dictionary form , 2, 3,4, 6 principal

                           part)

                    first deponents (lacking one voice form)  vs.

                    second deponents (lacking two voice forms in the future or aorist tenses, that is, lacking the second and/or third and/or fourth principal part altogether)

            labial stems (p b f pt)  vs.

            dental stems ([no plain t stems]  d q z )  vs.

            guttural stems (k g c ss  tt sk, and some z roots)  vs.

            nasal stems [note futures and first aorists]

                    -avnw

                    -aivnw

            regular  [having competely predictable changes across the principal parts] vs.

            irregular  [having merely unpredictable changes across the principal parts] vs.

            suppletive [having principal parts from entirely different roots]

            liquid futures  [futures in l and r]

            first-aorist  vs.

            first aorist not showing s  [mevnw  e[meina] vs.

            aorists with -ka   vs.

            second-aorist  vs.

            first- and second-aorist forms, having both   vs.

            root aorists [e[bhn < ba-, present = baivnw]

            first perfects  vs.

            second perfects   vs.

            perfect form with present meaning [oi\da]

            first-aorist passives vs. second-aorist passives

            building up roots by adding corresponding nasal + avnw  [la(m)b(avnw) < lab;

                    tu(g)c(avnw) < tuc]

Reduplication

            aorists  [h[gagon]

            perfects  [see under "Inflection considerations"]

            presents:  divdwmi, i{sthmi, tivqhmi, pipravzw, gignwvskw, giv(g)nomai

Root  [Metzger Lex Aids, 49; Trenchard Voc Guide, 5]

Transitive vs. intransitive

Word Formation:  Meaning Classification

            Action verbs vs.

            linking verbs  [eijmiv, giv(g)nomai, uJpavrcw]  vs.

            fientive verbs [verbs equal to a linking verb + predicate adjective; null category in

                    Gr?]

            capable of being followed by nominative when passive [tivqhmi, kalevw, euJrivskw]

            frequentatives

            desideratives:  -seivw, avw, iavw

            inchoatives [ingressive, or beginning of a state or action]

Word Formation:  Morpheme Classification

            a-privatives

                    a-privatives before consonants

                    a-privatives before smooth breathing

                    a-privatives before rough breathing

            a-collective or intensive

            ajrci-, dus-, euj-, hJmi-, nh-,

            -avw [denominatives]

            -avzw [denominatives]

            -aivnw (causative except in verbs of mental action) [denominatives]

            -auvrw [denominatives]

            -eivr [denominatives]

            -euvw [denominatives]

            -evw [denominatives]

            -aivnw

            -avnw

            -avnw (plus a corresponding nasal inserted in the root before its related sould)

            -avw (often desideratives)

            -evw

            -euvw

            -iavw (often desideratives)

            -ivzw [denominatives]

            -llw [denominatives]

            -nw

            -ovw  (causative except in verbs of mental action)

            -seivw (often desideratives)

            -skw (usually inchoative or causal)

            -tw

            -uvzw [denominatives]

            -uvnw (usually causative/intensive, except in verbs of mental action) [denominatives]

            -uvrw [denominatives]

            -w